Table 5
Biocomposites used for bone tissue engineering
Biocomposite		Percentage of ceramic (%)	Compressive ( C ), tensile ( T ), flexural ( F ), and bending ( B ) strengths (MPa)	Modulus (MPa)	Ultimate strain (%)	Toughness (kJ/m2)	Reference
Ceramic	Polymer
HA fiber	PDLLA	2 to 10.5 (vol.)	45 (F)	1.75× 103 to 2.47 × 103			Deng et al. ([2001])
	PLLA	10 to 70 (wt.)	50 to 60 (F)	6.4 × 103 to 12.8 × 103	0.7 to 2.3		Kasuga et al. ([2001])
HA	PLGA	40 to 85 (vol.)	22 (F)	1.1 × 103		5.29	Xu et al. ([2004]), Xu and Simon ([2004a,b])
	Chitosan	40 to 85 (vol.)	12 (F)	2.15 × 103		0.092	Xu et al. ([2004])
	Chitosan + PLGA	40 to 85 (vol.)	43 (F)	2.6 × 103		9.77	Xu et al. ([2004])
	PPhos	85 to 95 (wt.)					Greish et al. ([2005])
	Collagen	50 to 72 (wt.)					Rodrigues et al. ([2003])
β-TCP	PLLA-co-PEH	75 (wt.)	51 (F)	5.18 × 103			Kikuchi et al. ([1999])
	PPF	25 (wt.)	7.5 to 7.7 (C)	191 to 134			Peter et al. ([1998])
A/W	PE	10 to 50 (vol.)	18 to 28 (B)	0.9 × 103 to 5.7 × 103			Juhasz et al. ([2003a,b]), Juhasz et al. ([2004])
Ca3(CO3)2	PLLA	30 (wt.)	50	3.5 × 103 to 6 × 103			Kasuga et al. ([2003])
Bioglass®	PGA	2 to 1 (wt.)	0.5 to 2 ( T )	0.5 to 2 ( T )	150 to 600		Chen et al. ([2010a]) Chen et al. ([2011b]), Liang et al. ([2010])
Human cortical bone		70 (wt.)	50 to 150 (T)	12 × 103 to 18 × 103			Keaveny and Hayes ([1993]), Moore et al. ([2001]), Nalla et al. ([2003]), Zioupos and Currey ([1998])
			130 to 180 (C)

Chen et al. Progress in Biomaterials 2012 1:2   doi:10.1186/2194-0517-1-2